As India joins the rest of the world in celebrating the International Women’s Day, female feticide and infanticides remain a matter of grave concern in this country despite stringent measures by the health authorities. The Economic Survey of India (2017-2018) tabled in the Parliament stated that over 6.30 crore (63 million) girls are “missing” from the Indian population since Census 2011 owing to female feticide and infanticides. After the Economic Survey, the Lancet Global Health-2018 report came out with even more glaring details. It said that nearly 2,39,000 girls aged under the age of five die each year in India because of their gender, partly owing to unwanted child-bearing and partly due to sheer neglect of the female child. This is a serious predicament. The obsession for sons among Indian couples and families is not only preventing girls from being born but also resulting in higher mortality of the females who are born, a double-loss to the country.
Strict laws notwithstanding, selective abortion of female fetuses continues, resulting in fewer girls being born in the country. The scourge of female feticide, coupled with the premature death of very minor girls (up to 5 years of age) due to neglect or abandonment, have led to an estimated 6.30 crore girls ‘missing’ from the country’s population. Unfortunately, barring the Economic Survey and the Lancet study, which are now nearly eight years old, there is no authentic contemporary data available on these serious social issues with severe future implications. This is because Census 2021 was postponed due to the Covid-19 pandemic, and there is no certainty on when the next Census will be conducted. However, in recent times, it was observed that gradually, gender discrimination for girls after birth is reducing due to many social awareness programmes, plus the literacy rate in primary and secondary education is increasing in small towns and villages of the country.
Yet, girls are facing more instances of domestic violence owing to a perceived social imbalance as a result of a skewed sex ratio of girls for many decades. Besides, the marriage expenses have shot up drastically, not only among the affluent or billionaires but also farmers and lower middle-class families, and in most cases, the load is borne by the girl’s side. All over India, there are ordinary families or even landless farmers or labourers who blew off Rs 15-20 lakh on the wedding expenditure for their daughters. They take loans, and then struggle for the rest of their life to repay but the groom’s side has no such liabilities. The short-term solution to the problem is increased awareness levels and campaigns among the people to save the girl child, and empower the girls at every stage in their lives, education and jobs, along with reservations, if necessary, and other similar national policy initiatives, to strengthen the country’s social-political-economic fabric.
